Wide area monitoring for energy system: a review

The power systems are functioning nearer to their capacity limits to increase the efficiency of the operation. With the prompt progress of smart grid, wide area measurement system (WAMS) is broadly and rapidly deployed in the EPS to understand, fore-cast, or even control the status of power grid stability in real time. Introducing phasor measurement units in addition to its advances have made them technically viable to monitor the stability of the PS using a wide area perception. This paper presents the review of WAMS and reports the various aspects of its operation in a power system. Initially, WAMS features, components, process, and its architecture are briefly described. The latter provides the data sources along with their standards required for WAMS and its applications. Also this paper gives a brief review on WAMPAC and various research openings for the development and implementation of real-time functions.     

基于Atmega16A单片机声发射监测系统的设计与应用

基于Atmega16A单片机自主设计一套地压监测系统。整个过程完成了硬件的购置、软件的设计、数据采集程序的编写、系统管线布置方式的设计以及系统的调试等工作。本监测系统的设计及装置的开发具有灵敏度高、功耗低,信号传输可靠、实时、远程和多元化数据监测,后期其他类型数据监测可扩展性强,系统成本低等优点。采集数据的声发射能率分析结果显示,有两次较大的声发射率值与监测范围内两次较大冒顶事故都可以很好的对应。希望该系统的应用能为矿山地下开采过程中地压活动的监测和预警提供技术支持。     

On a class of mixed EWMA-CUSUM median control charts for process monitoring

Monitoring of any manufacturing, production, or industrial process can be controlled and improved by removing these special cause of variations using control charts. Shewhart-type control charts are effective to control a large amount of special variations, whereas, cumulative sum (CUSUM) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) charts detect small and moderate variations efficiently in the process parameters. Monitoring of location parameter can be done with mean control charts under the assumption that the parameters are known or correctly estimated from in-control samples and data are free from outliers (but in practice data occasionally have outliers). In this study, we have proposed generalized mixed EWMA-CUSUM median control charts structures for known and unknown parameters based on auxiliary variables for detecting shifts in process location parameter. The proposed charts are compared with the corresponding charts for the mean, based on contaminated and uncontaminated data. Different performance measures are used to evaluate the performance of proposed control charts and revealed through results that the median-based charts are more sensitive to detect a shift in process location parameter in the presence of outliers. An illustrative example using real data is also shown for practical consideration.     

载荷影响下的机电阻抗协整结构损伤识别方法

高频机电阻抗(electromechanical impedance, 简称EMI)方法利用粘贴在结构表面的压电传感器(piezoelectric transducer, 简称PZT)进行主动激励，通过连续监测和分析PZT机电导纳信号的变化评估结构的健康状态；然而EMI方法容易受到环境工况变化的影响，导致结构损伤的误报。针对此问题，采用时间序列协整方法处理及消除结构工作载荷对阻抗谱特征信号的影响。该方法是基于结构动荷载作用下PZT阻抗谱导纳信号的非平稳特征，将动荷载影响下的阻抗谱非平稳时间序列经线性组合变换成平稳时间序列，根据得到的协整余量序列有效判断结构的健康状态。为验证该方法的有效性，开展了动应力影响下铝梁结构的螺栓松动损伤识别实验。结果表明，协整消除了动态应力对EMI方法的影响，当铝梁内存在持续变化的应力时，仍可以准确识别螺栓松动。机电阻抗协整方法能够消除结构健康监测中荷载作用的影响，及时准确地进行结构损伤识别。     

Damage detection in beams from modal and wavelet analysis using a stationary roving mass and noise estimation

This paper uses the Continuous Wavelet Transform Analysis on mode shapes for damage identification. The wavelet analysis is applied to the difference in the mode shapes between a healthy and a damaged state. The paper also includes a novel methodology for estimating the level of noise of the experimental mode shapes based on a standard Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The estimated SNRs are used for identifying and making emphasis on the less noisy data. Moreover, a mass attached to the structure is considered to enhance the sensitivity of the structure to damage. Modal analysis is performed for different positions of the mass along the beam. The results obtained for all the positions of the mass are combined so an averaging process is implicitly applied. The paper presents the results from an experimental test of a cantilever steel beam with different severity levels of damage at the same location. The results show that the use of the attached mass reduces the effect of noise and increases the sensitivity to damage. Little damage can be identified with the proposed methodology even using a small number of sensors and only the first five bending modes.     

DR机房建设与验收监测的要点探讨

随着我国放射诊断学的快速发展,当前许多医院都在购置或使用医用数字化X射线摄影系统(DR)机房建设必须符合国家标准满足临床使用。本文结合日常工作中总结的经验,从DR机房的规划设计、放射防护设施施工、放射防护验收监测方面探讨了DR机房建设过程中的要点,为医院的机房建设提供参考。     

An improved damage diagnostic technique based on Singular Spectrum Analysis and time series models

An approach to enhance the sensitivity of the damage index using the prediction errors of autoregressive – autoregressive exogenous models by augmenting Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) to detect and locate minor damage is presented. Numerical simulation studies are carried out by considering a simply supported beam with single and multiple cracks. An experimental study on a reinforced cement concrete beam has been carried out to validate the technique using different levels of damage. The studies emphasise that the SSA improves the sensitivity of the damage index for detection and also localisation, handling environmental/operational variability and measurement noise.     

基于视频分析的南水北调跨渠桥危化车预警系统

跨渠桥梁是南水北调中线工程的重要基础设施,危化品运输车辆一旦在跨渠桥梁上发生事故,不仅会对桥体结构造成很大损坏,还会对沿线水质产生较大污染。如果能及时发现,提前预警,就可以针对每座桥梁的情况提早防范,快速处理,将损失降到最低。针对以上需求建立基于智能视频分析的危化品车辆流量、类别监控识别与统计分析系统,采用智能监控和态势感知等建立了多层次、全方位预警决策和风险管控平台。平台功能涉及车辆流量、类别识别、统计分析技术和预警功能,能辨识经过跨渠桥梁的车辆,特别是能对危化品运输车辆出入桥梁的信息进行记录和流量统计,对车辆偏离车道、异常停车、翻车、冲入渠道等异常事件能第一时间进行信息报告与自动预警。该项目已付诸实施,为南水北调跨渠桥梁安全管控提供了新的技术防护手段。     

龙滩坝8#采场地压监测与结果分析

为掌握龙滩坝8#采场矿体在开采过程中地压的变化规律，在结合现场实际情况的同时，根据开挖揭露的地质条件，采用钻孔应力计、锚杆应力计、收敛计、多点位移计和声发射对采场矿柱、顶板及巷道变形情况进行监测，得到回采过程中矿柱、顶板、巷道的受力状况。掌握采场地压的变化规律，为矿体的开采设计提供参考。     

Photomemory and Pulse Monitoring Featured Solution-Processed Near-Infrared Graphene/Organic Phototransistor with Detectivity of 2.4 × 1013 Jones

Emerging graphene/organic phototransistors are eye-catching technologies owing to their unique merits including easy/low-cost fabrication, temperature independent, and achieving various functions. However, their development in the near-infrared (NIR) region is experiencing a bottleneck of inferior sensitivity due to low exciton dissociation efficiency and inefficient charge extraction rate. Here, a novel-design solution-processed graphene/organic NIR phototransistor is reported, that is, creatively introducing electron extraction layer of ZnO on graphene channel and employing organic ternary bulk heterojunction as photosensitive layer, successfully breaking that bottleneck. The phototransistor exhibits a high responsivity of 6.1 × 10⁶ A W⁻¹, a superior detectivity of 2.4 × 10¹³ Jones, and a remarkable minimum detection power of 1.75 nW cm⁻² under 850 nm radiation. Considering its excellent NIR detection performance, a noncontact transmission-type pulse monitoring is carried out with no external circuit support, from which human pulse signal and heart rate can be displayed in real time. The phototransistor, interestingly, can be switched into a photomemory function with a retention time of 1000 s in the atmosphere through a gate voltage of −20 V. The design takes the characteristics of graphene/organic phototransistors to a higher level, beyond the limit of sensitivity, and opens up a novel approach for developing multifunction devices.